🟠1. HTML – HyperText Markup Language
Definition:
HTML is the standard language used to create the structure of web pages. It tells the browser what content to show and how it's organized.
Key Points:
"HyperText" means linking between pages (like clicking a link).
"Markup Language" means it uses tags to describe elements (like <h1>, <p>, <img>).
HTML doesn’t style or animate — it only gives content structure and meaning.
Example:
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
<img src="photo.jpg" alt="A photo">
Common Tags:
<h1> to <h6> – Headings
<p> – Paragraph
<a> – Link
<img> – Image
<div> – Container
<form> – Form
<button> – Button
🔵 2. CSS – Cascading Style Sheets
Definition:
CSS is used to style and design the HTML content. It controls how the website looks — like colors, spacing, fonts, layout, animations, and responsiveness.
Key Points:
CSS can be written inside HTML (internal), inline, or in a separate file (external).
"Cascading" means rules apply from top to bottom, and some can override others.
Helps make websites beautiful and user-friendly.
Example:
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: navy;
font-family: Arial;
text-align: center;
}
Common Properties:
color – Text color
background-color – Background color
font-size, font-family – Text styling
margin, padding – Spacing
border, box-shadow – Design elements
display, flex, grid – Layout controls
🟢 3. JavaScript (JS)
Definition:
JavaScript is a programming language used to make websites interactive and dynamic. It allows you to add logic, animations, handle user actions, and update content without reloading the page.
Key Points:
JS runs directly in the browser.
It works with HTML elements — like responding to button clicks, typing, scrolling, etc.
Used for everything from form validation to full web apps (like Google Docs, YouTube).
Example:
document.querySelector("button").onclick = function () {
alert("You clicked the button!");
};
Common Uses:
Show/hide elements
Form validation (like checking email input)
Dynamic content updates
Image sliders
Pop-ups and alerts
Interactive animations
Real-time data (like clocks, weather, charts)
Summary:
Feature HTML CSS JavaScript
Role Structure Style/Design Interactivity/Logic
Language Type Markup Language Style Sheet Language Programming Language
File Extension .html .css .js
Example <h1>Hello</h1> h1 { color: red; } alert("Hi!");
